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3.' J'. MERVESP.,

HORSESHOES.

" Ng, '195,222.1 Patented Spt.1 8,'18774.`

FIGB

, G Fl 'y JINVENTDR..

1shown in Fig. l. Fig. 8 is a section of a heelitfRvEsP, 0F -ASTj iin-Wina `New JERSEY. f

`Speciication forming part of Letters Patent o. E95

l July 11 Tatu-ahemmag/@umm,l e @Be-it kno-wn that I, JOHN Jg MERvEsP, Aof

Hudson and State 'of New' Jersey, have invented e new and useful Improve-nient ih HorSeslioes, .which improvement is fullylset forth inthe followingspeciiication, reference beingh'ad'toithe accompanying drawings.' 4

The object of thisinvention is vto facilitate the attachment '.to land the detachment from the shoes of horses'or other animals of calksv withoutreinoviiig the shoesiromfthleir hofs and the invention consistsin' the combination, with a horseshoe, of detachable toe and heel calk's provided with two or more tapering shanks, fitting into appropriate holes inthe shoe, and in having one o'r both lof the shanks deviate from the perpendicular about one-. eighth or three-sixteenths of an inch in the length of the shank ot' the calk, and in other details, as hereinafter described and set forth. The heel-calk shown in Fig. 4 has a spur upon its shank nearest the end of the heel of the shoe, as shown at g, which is bent over the heel of the shoe, as shown at m fm, Fig. 6, by hammering or pressing upon the calk after it is driven into the shoe, while the latter is on the horses hoof. The calk upon the outside of the shoe being subjected to more wear and strain than the calk upon the inside of the shoe, is secured, in addition, by the Wedge e. The toe-calk is, in addition to the oblique shanks h h, further secured by two nails, t t, passing through a slot in either end, as seen in Fig. 3, which serve to steady the calk in case of a sudden jar or strain. The shoe is also provided with teeth o in the toe and ontside, which teeth, piercing the hoof, serve the place of clips and keep the shoe in position.

The shoe and calks are illustrated more in detail in the following views: Figure 1 is a perspective view ofthe shoe with the calks in position. Fig. 2 is a section of the calk a, Figs. l and 6. Fig. 3 is a section of the toecalk c. Fig. 4 is a section of the heel-calk b. Figs. 5 and 7 are views( of the nails t, which help to secure the toe-calk c. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the reverse side of the shoe calk as it appears when in the shoe. Fig. 9 is a view of Fig. 8 bent before entering the NHoRSEsHoEs; dated September i8, g applicati@ fiiled. 1876. p A 1 l v l shoe.' is another fornliot'calk, insec-- f tion, `as it appears when ii'tlieshoe.v Fig..1lthe town of East NeWark,-in Vtlie coiiutyof is a view of Fig.y l0 before entering the shoe; Fig. l2=isav section of another foifm of calk jas it appears when inthe shoe, and Fig; [13 isa 1' view of Fig. l2 prepared to enter thes'loe. -l Finding from experience that perpendicular calks -will not remainin ay -shoe`,vIhave made the shanks ofthe calks described in this speci-f cationl at a deviation fron a straight line of about. one-eighth.of'an'inch in` the lengtliof y the shank, .as seen in Figs.`8,'10,'and,l2. The calk shown in Fig. 3 is bent similar t thecalk 'shown in` Figs. 10 and l1'.- .v This 'isneoessary inorder `toinsert it in the shee.v The objec'itl of the` depressions or grooves dyed .istofa' l'cilita'te the bending of theycalk in' attaching or detaching. When' thiscalk is bent inward, having the ends of the shanks in line with the orifice in the shoe, it is pressed or hammered into its place. It is obvious that the obliqui ty of the shanks keeps the calk firmly attached to the shoe. After the calk is pressed into position the two nails t t are driven into their places, the heads engaging with the slots in the ends ofthe calk c. This calk is removed by a tool having two tapering prongs, which enter the grooves i t' after the nails are removed and pry up the calk. The calk shown in Fig. 4 has two shanks, one being bent in out of line, while the other is plumb. This calk is inserted in the same manner as the toe-calk. After beingdriven into the shoe, a suitable tool is held under the part g while the calk is hammered down. This has the ft'ect of -bending the part g, and helps materially to keep the calk secure. When this calk is to be removed the part gis cut oli', and a tool is inserted in the groove z', Fig. 6, by which means the calk is easily removed; or the calk maybe cut through the groove at d,

it' difculty is experienced in removing it. A

punch is then placed on the end m and the calk punched out. The calk shown in Fig. 2 has two tapering shanks. Before this calk is inserted in the shoe a wedge,e, is placed in one of the holes; then the calk is driven into its place, a suitable tool being held under the part g, same as described regarding calk shown in Fig. 4. Then the upper part of the wedge is pressed into a tapering groove in the body TENT ,FFICE.

of the calk. This calk being upon the outside of the shoe, and being subjected to more wear and strain than the calk upon the inside, I ind it necessary to use extra care in securing it; hence the presence of the wedge. This calk is removed after the wedge Vis pried out of the groove in the same way as the calk shown in Fig. 4.

It will be seen that the heels of the shoe are sloping by looking at k k, Figs. 1 and 6. This bevel or slope gives space to allow the insertion of a flat U-shaped tool, used to drive the calk out under the head of thecalk when no groove is made in either calk or shoe.

For ordinary horses, such asexpress, hack,

&c., I use the calks shown in Figs. 8 and 12 as heel-calks, and the calk shown in Fig. 10 as a toe-calk. f

` It is obvious that these calks must be bent outward, as in the case of Figs. 9 and 13, and bent inward as shown in Fig. 11, before they can be driven into the holes prepared for them in the shoe, during which process they are made to conform to the angles at which the holes are punched in the shoe-i. e., Figs. 9, 11, and v13--and while being driven into the holes prepared for them in the shoe, they assume the positions shown in Figs. 8,10, and 12, respectively. These calks, on account of the angle in which they are inserted, remain firmly seated in the shoe till worn but for hardworking horses I make one of the shanks of the heel-calks (the shank nearest the end of the shoe) with a prolongation or spur, g, which is bent over the inside of the shoe, as seen at m m, Figs. 1 and 6.

,There is quite a saving effected in having teeth inserted in the toe and outside of this shoe to serve the purpose of clips, as the teeth Vcan be easily punched while the shoe is cold,

whereas it requires time and coal to heat the shoe in order to put clips upon it. The shoe also has a much neater appearance when on the horses hoof.

y 'I claim- 1. A grooved heel-calk with 't'wo Shanks, one perpendicular, with fastening-spur g, the other oblique, as shown in Fig. 4, in combination with the horseshoe formed with the beveled surfaces k k, substantially as described.

y 2. The outer heel-calli a, of form substantially as described, and secured in place vby the wedge e,in combination with the shoe formed with the beveled surfaces k la, as set forth. 1 X

3. A grooved toe-call; with two or more shanks, two ofjwhich are oblique, as shown in Figs. 3 and 10, in combination with the nails and shoe with rasp-like teeth'formed upon the upper surface of the toe only, as described, for the purpose specified.

, kJOHN J. MEuvEsP.

Witnesses: 7 I

S. Pnmfr RAWLE, WM. MOON. 

